When it comes to public restrooms, the flushing system is a crucial component that often goes unnoticed.
Have you ever wondered how a commercial flush valve works? It may seem like a simple mechanism, but there are actually several parts working together to ensure a proper flush and refill cycle.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the inner workings of a commercial flush valve and how it differs from traditional gravity-powered tank-type toilets.
So, let’s dive in and explore the fascinating world of commercial plumbing!
How Does A Commercial Flush Valve Work
A commercial flush valve is a metal water-diverting valve that uses water pressure from the supply system to cause a toilet or urinal to flush. Unlike traditional tank-type toilets that rely on gravity to power the flush, commercial flush valves use a diaphragm to separate a pressure chamber from the main water supply.
The valve consists of a plastic or brass fitting located at the bottom of the cistern tank. A rubber or neoprene flapper sits against the valve opening, keeping water in the tank until a flush is needed. When the user presses down on the handle, a chain connected to the handle lifts up the flapper, allowing water to move from the cistern tank to the toilet bowl.
An important component of the system is the vertical overflow tube, which extends from the bottom of the flush valve and up into the tank. The overflow tube prevents water from overflowing and allows clean water to flow back into the toilet bowl as the tank refills. A refill tube located near the overflow tube brings most of the water back into the bowl after a flush.
The diaphragm technology allows the flush valve to open and let water into the bowl. A main cylinder valve operates up and down, with a groove in this cylinder allowing water from the main supply to flow through when it is in a mid position. The valve is shut off at both its top and bottom positions. A second valve, placed within the main cylinder valve, releases water in the topmost pressure chamber when the flush lever is activated, sending the main cylinder valve shooting upwards.
The topmost pressure chamber slowly refills through its narrow passageway, pushing the valve cylinder back down gradually. A flush occurs while it is in its open mid positions. Because the water is gradually shut off, slower water at the end of the cycle that will not activate the siphon serves to refill the bowl.
The Basics Of A Commercial Flush Valve
A commercial flush valve is a crucial component of a commercial, institutional, or industrial restroom. It operates by using water pressure from the supply system to cause a toilet or urinal to flush. Unlike traditional tank-type toilets that rely on gravity to power the flush, commercial flush valves use a diaphragm to separate a pressure chamber from the main water supply.
The valve itself consists of a plastic or brass fitting located at the bottom of the cistern tank. A rubber or neoprene flapper sits against the valve opening, keeping water in the tank until a flush is needed. When the user presses down on the handle, a chain connected to the handle lifts up the flapper, allowing water to move from the cistern tank to the toilet bowl.
An important component of the system is the vertical overflow tube, which extends from the bottom of the flush valve and up into the tank. The overflow tube prevents water from overflowing and allows clean water to flow back into the toilet bowl as the tank refills. A refill tube located near the overflow tube brings most of the water back into the bowl after a flush.
The diaphragm technology allows the flush valve to open and let water into the bowl. A main cylinder valve operates up and down, with a groove in this cylinder allowing water from the main supply to flow through when it is in a mid position. The valve is shut off at both its top and bottom positions. A second valve, placed within the main cylinder valve, releases water in the topmost pressure chamber when the flush lever is activated, sending the main cylinder valve shooting upwards.
The topmost pressure chamber slowly refills through its narrow passageway, pushing the valve cylinder back down gradually. A flush occurs while it is in its open mid positions. Because the water is gradually shut off, slower water at the end of the cycle that will not activate the siphon serves to refill the bowl.
How A Commercial Flush Valve Differs From A Tank-Type Toilet
One major difference between a commercial flush valve and a tank-type toilet is the method of flushing. Tank-type toilets rely on gravity to create a siphon that pulls waste from the bowl and into the drain. In contrast, commercial flush valves use water pressure to force waste out of the bowl and into the drain. This results in a more powerful flush that can effectively clear waste with less water.
Another difference is the absence of a tank in commercial flush valves. Instead, the valve is connected directly to the water supply line, allowing for a continuous flow of water into the bowl. This eliminates the need for a tank to store water, making commercial flush valves more compact and space-efficient.
Additionally, commercial flush valves are designed for heavy usage in public restrooms and other high-traffic areas. They are built to withstand frequent use and abuse, with durable materials and components that can withstand wear and tear. Tank-type toilets, on the other hand, are typically designed for residential use and may not be as durable or long-lasting as commercial flush valves.
Understanding The Components Of A Commercial Flush Valve
A commercial flush valve is comprised of several key components that work together to create a powerful and efficient flushing system. These components include the valve fitting, flapper, overflow tube, refill tube, and diaphragm technology.
The valve fitting is a plastic or brass component located at the bottom of the cistern tank. It is responsible for controlling the flow of water into the toilet bowl or urinal. The flapper sits against the valve opening, preventing water from entering the bowl until a flush is initiated.
The overflow tube is a vertical tube that extends from the bottom of the flush valve and up into the tank. Its primary function is to prevent water from overflowing and to allow clean water to flow back into the bowl as the tank refills. The refill tube, located near the overflow tube, brings most of the water back into the bowl after a flush.
The diaphragm technology is what sets commercial flush valves apart from traditional tank-type toilets. It uses a pressure chamber to separate the main water supply from the flushing mechanism. When a user presses down on the handle, a chain connected to the handle lifts up the flapper, allowing water to move from the cistern tank to the toilet bowl.
A main cylinder valve operates up and down, with a groove in this cylinder allowing water from the main supply to flow through when it is in a mid position. The valve is shut off at both its top and bottom positions. A second valve, placed within the main cylinder valve, releases water in the topmost pressure chamber when the flush lever is activated, sending the main cylinder valve shooting upwards.
The Importance Of Proper Maintenance For Commercial Flush Valves
To ensure that commercial flush valves work properly and effectively, proper maintenance is crucial. Flush valves are subject to various plumbing problems and performance issues, but many of these complications can be fixed on your own with some background knowledge. Regular inspection of the valves and checking for worn parts is recommended at least annually.
If the length of the flush is too short or if the valve turns off immediately when activated, there are several possible causes. The diaphragm assembly or handle assembly could be worn out or damaged, and in this case, simply replacing the affected part is necessary. It is also important to check the label or markings on the fixture to learn what the required flush volume is and replace the diaphragm assembly or relief valve with one that is designed for the correct flush volume.
When replacing a flush valve insert, it is crucial to make sure the flush rating of the replacement part matches the valve’s flush volume specification. This is particularly important for diaphragm valves because different rated diaphragms may be substituted in an existing valve that increases the flush volume. It is also essential to ensure that the building’s water pressure meets the manufacturer-specified minimum pressure, as diaphragm valves operate at 30 to 80 pounds per square inch and piston valves operate at 15 to 80 pounds per square inch.
Calibrating automatic sensors to ensure they are set properly to limit double or “phantom” flushing is also important. Properly maintaining commercial flush valves can save you money on repairs and replacements in the long run, while also ensuring that your building’s restroom facilities are functioning correctly for your employees and customers.
Common Issues With Commercial Flush Valves And How To Fix Them
While commercial flush valves are generally reliable, they can experience issues from time to time. Here are some common issues and how to fix them:
1. No flush water: If the toilet or urinal isn’t flushing at all, the problem may be a clogged by-pass orifice in the diaphragm. To fix this, remove the diaphragm assembly, disassemble the filter rings, and rinse the diaphragm thoroughly. If this doesn’t solve the problem, replace the diaphragm assembly.
2. Too little flush water because flush time is too short: If the flush time is too short and not enough water is entering the bowl to complete a flush, check to make sure that the size of the orifice in the by-pass is correct. If it’s not, replace it with the correct size.
3. Too little flush water for other reasons: If there isn’t enough water in the bowl after a flush, check to make sure that the relief valve or inside cover aren’t damaged. Replace these parts if necessary.
4. Over-flushing volume or time problems: If the toilet is over-flushing or flushing for too long, check to make sure that a water saver/conventional diaphragm assembly isn’t installed in a low consumption fixture. If it is, replace it with an assembly designed for the correct flush volume.
5. Other flushometer problems such as noises or leaks: If you’re experiencing other issues with your flushometer valve, consult the manufacturer’s instructions for troubleshooting advice.
In general, it’s important to be careful when working on a commercial flush valve. Be sure not to enlarge or damage any orifices in the by-pass, and always consult the manufacturer’s instructions before attempting any repairs.
Innovations And Advancements In Commercial Flush Valve Technology
In recent years, there have been significant innovations and advancements in commercial flush valve technology. One of the most notable advancements is the development of retrofit flush valves, which can convert manual flush valves into automatic models without the need for a complete system overhaul. This allows building owners to take advantage of advanced technology while keeping their existing components, saving both time and money.
Another major innovation is the use of electronic flush valves, which use sensors to detect when a user has finished using the toilet or urinal, and automatically initiate a flush. This technology not only improves sanitation by eliminating the need for users to touch the flush valve handle, but also helps conserve water by ensuring that only the necessary amount is used for each flush.
Manufacturers are also focusing on improving the design and aesthetics of flush valves, with options such as concealed valves and custom finishes like matte black. These design improvements not only enhance the overall look of a restroom, but also make maintenance and repairs easier and more convenient.
Finally, there is a growing emphasis on sustainability and water conservation in commercial flush valve technology. Many newer models are designed to use less water per flush, contributing to annual water savings for building owners while also reducing environmental impact.
Overall, these innovations and advancements in commercial flush valve technology are helping to improve sanitation, convenience, aesthetics, and sustainability in commercial restrooms.